See mareis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "mathais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "marais"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "marécage"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "marais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "moeras"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "morass"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Morast"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mōras"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marasch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "marish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mareys"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*mer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-#Proto-Indo-European:_sea"
],
[
"*móri",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/móri#Proto-Indo-European:_sea"
],
[
"*mari",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mari#Proto-Germanic:_sea"
],
[
"*mari",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mari"
],
[
"*-iskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iskos#Proto-Indo-European:_pertaining_to"
],
[
"*-iskaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iskaz#Proto-Germanic:_pertaining_to"
],
[
"*-isk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-isk"
],
[
"*marisk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marisk"
],
[
"mariscus",
"mariscus#Latin:_marsh"
],
[
"mariscus",
"mariscus#Latin"
],
[
"*marisk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marisk"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-med:mariscus<id:marsh>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"marsh\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*móri\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mari\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mari\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iskaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-isk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*marisk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"mariscus\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mareis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"mareis\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "mariscus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin mariscus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*marisk",
"4": "",
"5": "marsh, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-med:mariscus<id:marsh>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis\nFrom Medieval Latin mariscus, from Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mareis oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maresc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "marois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mareis oblique singular, m (oblique plural mareis, nominative singular mareis, nominative plural mareis)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"english": "in front of the city are the marshes",
"ref": "c. 1250, Marie de France, Yonec:",
"text": "devers le burc sunt li mareis",
"translation": "in front of the city are the marshes",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marsh"
],
"id": "en-mareis-fro-noun-Qo5ibyLQ",
"links": [
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mareis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "mathais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "marais"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "marécage"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "marais"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "moeras"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "morass"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Morast"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mōras"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "marasch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "marish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mareys"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*mer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mer-#Proto-Indo-European:_sea"
],
[
"*móri",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/móri#Proto-Indo-European:_sea"
],
[
"*mari",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mari#Proto-Germanic:_sea"
],
[
"*mari",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mari"
],
[
"*-iskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iskos#Proto-Indo-European:_pertaining_to"
],
[
"*-iskaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iskaz#Proto-Germanic:_pertaining_to"
],
[
"*-isk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-isk"
],
[
"*marisk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marisk"
],
[
"mariscus",
"mariscus#Latin:_marsh"
],
[
"mariscus",
"mariscus#Latin"
],
[
"*marisk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marisk"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-med:mariscus<id:marsh>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"marsh\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"sea\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*móri\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mari\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mari\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iskaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-isk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*marisk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"mariscus\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mareis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"mareis\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "mariscus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin mariscus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*marisk",
"4": "",
"5": "marsh, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-med:mariscus<id:marsh>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mer-?\nProto-Indo-European *móri\nProto-Germanic *mari\nProto-West Germanic *mari\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nFrankish *mariskbor.\nMedieval Latin mariscusder.\nOld French mareis\nFrom Medieval Latin mariscus, from Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mareis oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mareis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maresc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "marois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mareis oblique singular, m (oblique plural mareis, nominative singular mareis, nominative plural mareis)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer- (sea)",
"Old French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"english": "in front of the city are the marshes",
"ref": "c. 1250, Marie de France, Yonec:",
"text": "devers le burc sunt li mareis",
"translation": "in front of the city are the marshes",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marsh"
],
"links": [
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mareis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mareis meaning in Old French (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mareis oblique singular or', originally 'mareis oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"mareis"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mareis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mareis oblique singular or', originally 'mareis oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"mareis"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mareis",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'mareis oblique singular or' in 'mareis oblique singular, m (oblique plural mareis, nominative singular mareis, nominative plural mareis)'",
"path": [
"mareis"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mareis",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.